Origin and Habitat: Matucana madisoniorumSN|2238]]SN|2238]] occurs in an extremely single restricted area of no more than 16 km2 in the Amazonas region Peru.
Altitude: It grows at elevations of about 400 metres above sea level.
Habitat: It grows in dry forest. This species was once relatively common, but it is now considered rare at the original type location due to collecting and goats degrading the steep hillside while grazing and trampling. The species therefore is critically endangered.

• Matucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) G.D.Rowley
• Borzicactus madisoniorum Hutchison
• Borzicactus madisoniorum f. albiflora hort.
• Eomatucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) F.Ritter
• Loxanthocereus madisoniorum (Hutchison) Buxb.
• Submatucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) Backeb.

• Matucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) G.D.Rowley
• Borzicactus madisoniorum Hutchison
• Borzicactus madisoniorum f. albiflora hort.
• Eomatucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) F.Ritter
• Loxanthocereus madisoniorum (Hutchison) Buxb.
• Submatucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) Backeb.
• Matucana madisoniorum f. albiflora hort.
• Eomatucana madisoniorum f. albiflora hort.
• Submatucana madisoniorum f. albiflora hort.
• Matucana madisoniorum var. asterium hort.
• Submatucana madisoniorum var. asterium hort.
• Matucana madisoniorum var. horridispina Kníže
• Submatucana madisoniorum var. horridispina hort.

• Matucana madisoniorum var. pujupatii (Donald & A.B.Lau) G.D.Rowley
• Borzicactus madisoniorum var. pujupatii A.B.Lau & Donald
• Matucana pujupatii (Donald & A.B.Lau) Bregman

Description: Matucana madisoniorumSN|2238]]SN|2238]] alternately called SubSN'>2244' alt='2238'>Matucana madisoniorum#SN#2238'>Sub[[Matucana madisoniorumSN' style='border:none;'> or Borzicactus madisoniorumSN|2239]]SN|2239]], is an attractive small globular plant with ribs resembling Lophophora, the ones that lack spines look so much like peyote that the uninformed may think they actually are.
Habit: Normally solitary globose cactus that may clump with age.
Stem: Flat globular to elongate with age up to 15 cm tall and 10 cm in diameter. One of most endearing feature of this plant is its unusual rough textured blue or grey-green epidermis.
Spines: Sometimes individual plants may be almost entirely spineless, while other specimens are covered with spines or have spines missing on parts of the plant. Seedlings of this species are all densely covered with long, curving spines; however, seedlings from plants growing at lower altitudes will ordinarily lose their spines at maturity, while those from higher altitudes keep theirs, but it is very variable in this respect, and spineless plants can grow spiny offsets, or get just an occasional spine.
Flowers: Forming at the apex from new areoles, zygomorphic tending to lean on one side, bright orange-red with an almost fluorescent sheen making them quite attractive, 3,5 cm in diameter, and slightly longer 5-7 (10) cm long. The buds start as little white/grey furry balls.
Blooming time: Flowers more than once in several flushes throughout the summer and can flower just about all year round give the right conditions.
Fruit: Dry and very fragile. The sides eventually split open forming a cage and allowing the seeds to dribble down the side of the plant.
Remarks: Paul Hutchinson of the University of California Botanical Gardens discovered Matucana madisoniorumSN|2238]]SN|2238]] about 1963 or so in a valley in Peru. It was firstly described as a species of Borzicactus, then of Submatucana, Gordon Rowley moved this plant to Matucana in 1971, before it was briefly classified in Loxanthocereus and Eomatucana.

Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) E Haustein “Der Kosmos Kakteenfuehrer (the Kosmos Cactus Guide)” Balogh Scientific Books 01 December 1998
2) Edward Anderson “The Cactus family” Timber Press, Incorporated, 2001
3) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey "The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass" Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug/2011
4) David R Hunt; Nigel P Taylor; Graham Charles; International Cactaceae Systematics Group. "The New Cactus Lexicon" dh books, 2006
5) Ostalaza, C. & Roque, J. 2013. Matucana madisoniorum. In: IUCN 2013. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species." Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 October 2013.
6) 5) Rob Bregman “The Genus Matucana: Biology and Systematics of Fascinating Peruvian Cacti” A.A. Balkema, 1996

Cultivation and Propagation: Matucana madisoniorumSN|2238]]SN|2238]] grow slowly in their natural habitats, but in greenhouses or grafted they grow quickly with tissue that is less firm.
Hardiness: Not very hard to grow if protected from freezing temperature they needs care in cultivation to reach a good size without developing unsightly marks, need a minimum temperature of 10° C, but may survive a light frost.
Exposure: They benefit from a good light but not severe sunlight.
Soil: Grow it in rich, porous soil.
Repotting: Repot in the spring when their roots become cramped. Generally, they should be repotted every other year in order to provide fresh soil. However, this doesn't necessarily mean they'll need larger containers. After repotting, do not water for a week or more.
Waterings: Water sparingly from March till October, the thin, fibrous roots suffer if there is humidity, therefore the plant should be watered only when the surrounding terrain is dry. Keep dry as soon as the temperature starts dropping in October and keep it perfectly dry in winter at temperatures from 10 to 15 degrees centigrade. Needs good drainage
Propagation: Seeds.